While France currently has the third-largest Jewish population in the world (after Israel and New York) and Jewish writers, intellectuals, political figures, and artists have made an enduring imprint on French culture, the nation’s history is also punctuated by some of the most virulent expressions of Jewish hatred in modern times, note the conference organizers. These include the infamous Dreyfus affair, the Vichy government’s active role in the Holocaust, and, as recently as this spring, the murder of three small children and their teacher in Toulouse. Organizers of this conference point to that terrorist attack by an Islamic radical as “another shocking indication that antisemitism is again on the rise.”